Simerg is an independent initiative dedicated to Ismaili Muslims, the Aga Khan — their Hereditary Imam — and the Ismaili Imamat, and Islam in general through literary readings, photo essays and artistic expressions
Category Archives: Literary Readings from Ismaili History
A portrait of the 49th Ismaili Imam, Mawlana Shah Karim Al Hussaini, His Highness the Aga Khan, taken after he succeeded his late grandfather to the throne of Imamat. A framed portrait of the late 48th Imam is seen in the background. Photo by Philippe Le Tellier/Paris Match via Getty Images.
“As soon as one Imam passes away, his successor takes on from the very minute the Imam has passed away” — Mawlana Shah Karim Al Hussaini, His Highness the Aga Khan, 49th Hereditary Imam, interview during Takhtnashini, 1957.
By MALIK MERCHANT
The 12 million strong Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims worldwide have learnt with deep sadness in the last few hours that our beloved 49th Imam, Mawlana Shah Karim Al-Hussaini, His Highness the Aga Khan, passed peacefully to Almighty Allah’s grace on Tuesday, February 4, 2025, in Lisbon, Portugal, surrounded by his family, who were with him in his final moments. At age 88 (December 13, 1936 to February 4, 2025), Mawlana Shah Karim was the longest-lived Imam in Ismaili history. He reigned the Ismaili community for 67 years (July 11, 1957 to February 4, 2025), just three years short of his Platinum Jubilee. His predecessor, Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah’s reign of 71 years was the longest in Ismaili history.
Mawlana Shah Karim’s successor, as the 50th Shia Imami Ismaili Imam, has been designated in conformity with the historical Shia Imami Ismaili tradition and practice of Nass. The designation made by Mawlana Shah Karim is recorded in his Will, which will be read in the presence of the Imam’s family and senior international Ismaili leaders. Thereafter, the Jamat will be notified of the declared Mawlana Hazar Imam in whom the Nur already exists in unbroken hereditary succession from Mawlana Ali (peace be upon him).
This belief in the continuity of the Imamat, when one Imam has passed away and succeeded by the next, was articulated by Mawlana Shah Karim in an interview with an American reporter in 1957. He said:
The [installation] ceremony is a public installation of the Imam. The Ismailis pay homage to the Imam and that is when you are recognised by the world at large as the Imam. Officially, as soon as one Imam passes away, his successor takes on from the very minute the Imam has passed away.”
This instantaneous succession underlines the principle of the Unity of Imamat, that is, the Ismaili belief and understanding that each Imam is the same Bearer of the Nur (Light) of Imamat, irrespective of his own age or the time he lives in. This belief, with its enduring nature, has been articulated and preserved throughout Ismaili history, reassuring us of its continuity. The 33rd Imam, Abd al-Salam, who lived in the 15th century, said:
“The Imam’s true face is to be perceived with the eyes of the heart. He has thousands of physical habitations, but his true home is traceless; He has had a thousand names, but all of them refer to one reality.”
As we all come to bear the sad reality and news of Mawlana Shah Karim’s passing, let us all reflect on the Farman he made on December 13, 1964, on his 28th birthday. He said:
“For hundreds of years, my spiritual children have been guided by the Rope of Imamat; you have looked to the Imam of the Age for advice and help in all matters and through your Imam’s immense love and affection for his spiritual children, his Noor has indicated to you where and in which direction you must turn to obtain spiritual and worldly satisfaction.”
As we honour, cherish, and offer gratitude for Mawlana Shah Karim’s life and legacy, we remain secure under the permanent love and protection of the eternal Rope of Imamat and the Manifest Nur (Light) in the 50th Imam-of-the-Time.
In the coming few days, reports, updates, and stories on Mawlana Shah Karim’s life will be published on Simerg and its sister website Barakah.
We express our deepest condolences to the Ismaili world and Mawlana Shah Karim’s family.
Date posted: February 4, 2025.
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We invite readers to contribute their feelings about the sad news that we have all heard about the passing of our beloved 49th Imam, Mawlana Shah Karim. Please click Leave a comment.
Mawlana Shah Karim Al-Hussaini passed peacefully to Almighty Allah’s grace on 4 February 2025 in Lisbon, Portugal, surrounded by his family.
When will the next Imam be announced?
Mawlana Shah Karim’s successor, as the 50th Shia Imami Ismaili Imam, has been designated in conformity with the historical Shia Imami Ismaili tradition and practice of nass. The designation made by Mawlana Shah Karim is recorded in his Will, which is to be read in the presence of the Imam’s family and senior international Jamati leaders. Thereafter, the Jamat will be notified of the declared Hazar Imam in whom the Nur of Imamat exists in unbroken hereditary succession from Mawlana Ali (peace be upon him).
What is “nass”?
In the Shi‘a Imami tradition, the word nass is applied to the transfer of the Imamat from one Imam to the next by way of explicit designation. It is believed that in the same way as the Prophet was divinely designated by Allah, the Prophet through divine support or inspiration (ta’yid) designated Imam ‘Ali as his legatee (wasi) and successor at Ghadir Khumm.
Thus, Imamat is believed to be a prerogative bestowed by God upon a chosen person from the progeny of the Prophet, who before his death and by way of ta’yid (divine support or inspiration) transfers the Imamat to another by explicit designation. As such, nass is the ‘formal act’ of an Imam designating his successor from amongst his male progeny or a remoter issue. For the Shi‘a Ismailis, by way of nass, Imamat has continued in the line of Imams directly descended from Prophet Muhammad through Hazrat ‘Ali and Hazrat Fatima and through the lineage of Imam Husayn and his progeny in perpetuity.
When will the Will be read and who will be present for the reading?
The Will is expected to be read as soon as members of the family, senior leaders of the Ismaili community, and the Executors of the Will have gathered. The reading of the Will is to take place in Lisbon.
What happens when one Imam has passed away and the next Imam has not yet been publicly named? Is the Rope of Imamat broken?
In the Ismaili faith and tradition, the Jamat is never without an Imam. As soon as one Imam leaves this physical world, his spiritual light passes to his designated successor, thus continuing the line of Imamat, which has existed unbroken for over 1400 years. The 50th Imam has been named in Mawlana Shah Karim’s last Will and Testament.
What can I do to offer prayers for our late Imam?
As we express our sadness at the passing of our beloved 49th Imam, and express our shukrana to him, special prayers will be offered in Jamatkhanas around the world. Individual prayer and remembrance is also encouraged. The Ismaili TV will also have special programmes to accompany the Jamat during this historic moment of transition.
Prayers during this period will focus on expressing gratitude for Allah’s mercy on the departed soul, and prayers for eternal rest. Special prayers will be offered on the 40th day following death, consistent with customary practice in Ismaili and other Muslim traditions.
What are the details for the Imam’s funeral?
Mawlana Shah Karim’s funeral is expected to take place in Lisbon as soon as arrangements are finalised. Further information will be shared as it becomes available.
Will the Imam’s body lie in state?
No, in keeping with Muslim tradition, the funeral will take place as soon as possible.
Where will he be buried?
Details of Mawlana Shah Karim’s burial will be communicated in due course.
Who will attend the funeral?
Mawlana Shah Karim’s family and invited senior leaders of the Jamat and Imamat institutions will attend the funeral.
Can I attend Mawlana Shah Karim’s funeral?
Jamati members are respectfully requested to not seek to attend any of the ceremonies in person unless specifically invited.
Will there be changes in our rites and practices following the Imam’s passing?
Changes to Tariqah practices are made at the sole discretion of the Imam-of-the-Time. Any changes will be communicated in Jamatkhanas through the Ismaili Tariqah and Religious Education Boards.
Visit a specially-updated The Ismailiwebsite for more information and The Ismaili TV for related programming.
“I’d arrived at the Hyatt Regency’s Imperial Ballroom to witness Nenshi being chosen as the NDP’s new leader. A few months earlier, this outcome might have shocked me as much as that first mayoral victory…here was a real, united, ambitious opposition, ready and able to contend for power not just in the next election but in any number after that….” — Chris Turner, albertaviews
Over the last three years since relocating to Alberta and my travels to provincial and national parks, I have met friendly Albertans who quickly notice my passion and love for nature as I take photographs. Often, I approach them and say to them, as if I were a full-time paid guide, “If this is your first time here, please walk 50 metres for this incredible view.” I walk them to the point that fascinates me, which would otherwise be missed due to its hidden location. They are grateful for my suggestion! They stop to talk to me, and we engage in a mutual exchange of information, often sharing about their favourite places that I should visit.
Invariably, the conversations often turn to my origins. I proudly tell them that shortly after my birth in Mumbai, my parents were offered teaching positions in Africa. Mozambique and Tanzania were my home for almost twenty years before I moved to London to study. I also tell them that some of the best national parks in Africa are in Tanzania, which is also the home to Africa’s highest mountain, Kilimanjaro. This is where I mention Naheed Nenshi, who served 11 years as the Mayor of Calgary between 2010 and 2021. Everyone I have met, without exception, remembers Naheed fondly and admires his leadership as a Mayor, which has left a lasting impact on Calgarians. I tell them that he was also raised in Tanzania.
His Highness the Aga Khan is warmly greeted by the then Lieutenant Governor Lois Mitchell and Calgary Mayor Naheed Nenshi during his visit to Calgary in May 2018 to celebrate his Diamond Jubilee. Photograph: The Ismaili.
I am often asked what I do. I respond that I’m retired, but my time is dedicated to three non-commercial websites. I tell them that the websites, Barakah, dedicated to His Highness the Aga Khan, Simerg, and Simergphotos, serve as platforms to share and celebrate the rich Ismaili culture and the work of the Aga Khan, the 49th Hereditary Imam of the dynamic worldwide Ismaili community. I invite them to visit these blogs to learn more and also view my photographs of places I visit. I also share that Naheed, like me, is an Ismaili Muslim, and I encourage them to see the Aga Khan Garden when they are in Edmonton. This beautiful and serene space reflects the principles of Islamic garden design and is part of the University of Alberta Botanic Garden. It was gifted to the University by the Aga Khan.
During my conversations, I gather that many know that the Ismaili community hosts a breakfast in Calgary annually during Stampede Week, which is open to everyone. They appreciate that while recognizing the excellent Ismaili community float in downtown Calgary’s popular annual Stampede Parade. All this makes me happy and proud as a member of a vibrant and diverse community with over 12,000 members in Calgary.
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The Trump Tariffs will hurt Alberta businesses whether they start today, in 30, or in 90 days. While we wait for the UCP to get to work, you can make a difference today:⁰⁰✅ Buy Alberta-made products⁰✅ Support local retailers⁰✅ Share your purchases using #ShopLocal… pic.twitter.com/KhchNQ3d3a
As all Albertans know by now, Naheed is the new Alberta NDP leader. His party will contest the 2027 provincial election against the current Premier Danielle Smith’s United Conservative Party. I receive emails from the NDP Party almost every day, and if I were to focus my attention on them, I would not have the time to dedicate myself to my three blogs.
But I stay in touch with Nenshi’s activities. His most recent Tweet on Tuesday, February 3 — see above — still asks Albertans to buy local and Alberta-made products following President Trump’s reversal of Tariffs on Canadian exports to the USA, which would have taken effect on Tuesday, February 4.
Late last year, while browsing magazines at Indigo, I was drawn to a cover page piece on Naheed Nenshi in the November 2024 issue of albertaviews. This magazine offers a new perspective for engaged citizens. Chris Turner is the author of “MASS APPEAL: Can Nenshi Win Over Alberta?” I am delighted to provide a link to this excellent six-page article by a long-time Albertan resident who witnessed Naheed win his first mayoral race in 2010 and be chosen as the new NDP leader in 2024. I invite you to click Can Nenshi win over Alberta? or on the cover page image below.
Cover page story on Alberta’s NDP leader, Naheed Nenshi, in albertaview, volume 27 Number 9, November 2024. Please click on the image for the full story in the online edition of the magazine. Photograph: Albertaviews.
Of course, Simerg will report about the Alberta elections in 2027. We featured an excellent piece submitted by Shameela Rawji of Calgary when Nenshi ran for the NDP leadership.
Chapter 17 of the Holy Qur’an known as Suraj I-isra (The Night Journey) or Bani Israel (The Children of Israel), describes several events, including the Prophet Muhammad’s (May peace be upon him and his progeny) night journey (Isra’) to Jerusalem and his ascension (Mi’raj) through the skies. The two fragments from the USA Library of Congress (LOC) shown in this post below are from Chapter 17, Verses 73-84, and describe the value of prayer and the Qur’an. These Qur’anic fragments are written in Kufi script on parchment. In-depth details of these fragments can be found on the LOC website HERE.
We present pertinent verses from the Qur’an on the night of Mir’aj and prayer, followed by a brief explanation of the holy night and its significance among the Shia Ismaili Muslims.
Verses from Suraj I-isra
Glory be to Him, who carried His servant by night from the Holy Mosque to the Further Mosque the precincts of which We have blessed, that We might show him some of Our signs. He is the All-hearing, the All-seeing — 17:1
Say: ‘Call upon God, or call upon the Merciful; whichsoever you call upon, to Him belong the Names Most Beautiful.’ And be thou not loud in thy prayer, nor hushed therein, but seek thou for a way between that — 17:110
Perform the prayer at the sinking of the sun to the darkening of the night and the recital of dawn; surely the recital of dawn is witnessed — 17:78
And as for the night, keep vigil a part of it, as a work of supererogation for thee; it may be that thy Lord will raise thee up to a laudable station — 17:79
The Night of Miraj is observed by Muslims around the world on the 27th night of the seventh month of
And whosoever desires the world to come and strives after it as he should, being a believer — those, their striving shall be thanked — 17:19
Your Lord knows very well what is in your hearts if you are righteous, for He is All-forgiving to those who are penitent. — 17:25.
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Mi’raj among the Shia Ismaili Muslims: The Imam-of-the-Time Leads his followers to spiritual elevation
Qur’anic fragments written in Kufi script on parchment. Photograph: The US Library of Congress, Washington DC
The night of Mi’raj falls on the 27th day of Rajab, the seventh month in the Islamic lunar calendar, which is 11 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar. Thus, in 2025, Miraj falls on or around January 26 or 27, 2025, depending on when the moon was sighted.
Mi’raj is an Arabic word that literally means a ‘ladder’ and refers to an experience in the life of Prophet Muhammad during the night. Interpretations of the Mi’raj include a literal event in which the Prophet Muhammad first travelled to Jerusalem before mounting a horse called Buraq and being taken to God’s Throne. Along the flight, he met with the great Prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus (may peace be on them).
However, among Sufis and other Islamic esoteric traditions, such as those practiced by the Shia Ismaili Muslims, Mi’raj is considered the highest point of spiritual perfection an individual can attain through religion and the practice of faith.
Believers long to experience a Mi’raj, just as the Prophet experienced it. The Shia Ismailis seek out this spiritual elevation under the guidance of the Imam-of-the-Time, presently Mawlana Shah Karim Al-Hussaini Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, who leads his followers to self-awareness, spiritual insight and elevation. This is clearly noted in the Preamble of the Ismaili Constitution in paragraph (F), which reads:
“Historically and in accordance with Ismaili tradition, the Imam of the time is concerned with spiritual advancement as well as improvement of the quality of life of his murids. The Imam’s ta‘lim lights the murid’s path to spiritual enlightenment and vision. In temporal matters, the Imam guides the murids, and motivates them to develop their potential.”
His Highness the Aga Khan, the 49th Hereditary Imam, is a direct descendant of Hazrat Ali (may peace be upon him) whose remarkable teachings, preserved in works such as Nahj al-Balaghah, have a profound impact on all Shia Muslims, including the Ismailis. Another literary work, known as the Kalam-i Mawla, poems of Imam Ali, is not just historical text but holds a personal relevance to the community members. These verses, rendered in Hindi, delve deep into individuals’ conduct, behaviour, and actions during their lives on earth (please read Farouk Topan’s excellent piece Kalam-i-Mawla).
We are pleased to provide a recitation of verses from the Kalam of Hazrat Ali that focus on ethics, spirituality and the Mi’raj of the Prophet Muhammad. The verses are recited by Alnoor Saleh and have been downloaded from the website Ginans Central, which is maintained by Karim Tharani of the University of Saskatchewan.
The birth anniversary of Hazrat Ali (Peace be on him), the son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (May Peace be on him and his progeny), and the first Imam of Shia Muslims and the 4th Caliph of Islam, is a highly anticipated and significant event that will be observed by the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslim community and other Shia communities on or around January 12, 2025, the thirteenth day in the seventh Islamic month of Rajab. Hazrat Ali was born in Mecca on March 17, 599 A.C, and January 2025 marks his 1425th birth anniversary.
We present highlights of three essential books on Imam Ali from whom the present 49th Hereditary Imam of the Ismaili Muslims, Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan, is directly descended. The Preamble of the Shia Imami Ismaili Constitution affirms as follows:
“In accordance with Shia doctrine, tradition, and interpretation of history, the Holy Prophet (s.a.s.) designated and appointed his cousin and son-in-law Hazrat Mawlana Ali Amiru-l-Mu’minin (a.s), to be the first Imam to continue the Ta’wīl and Ta‘līm of Allah’s final message and to guide the murids, and proclaimed that the Imamat should continue by heredity through Hazrat Mawlana Ali (a.s) and his daughter Hazrat Bibi Fatimat-az-Zahra, Khātun-i-Jannat (a.s)”
and
“Mawlana Hazar Imam Shah Karim al Hussaini, His Highness Prince Aga Khan, in direct lineal descent from the Holy Prophet (s.a.s.) through Hazrat Mawlana Ali (a.s.) and Hazrat Bibi Fatima (a.s), is the Forty-Ninth Imam of the Ismaili Muslims.”
The Sacred Foundation of Justice in Islam: The Teachings of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib
The book, edited by M. Ali Lakhani and introduced by the renowned philosopher Seyyed Hossein Nasr, is a treasure trove of three thought-provoking essays. Lakhani’s award-winning essay, The Metaphysics of Human Governance: Imam ‘Al, Truth and Justice at the International Congress on Imam ‘Ali, Tehran, 2001, is followed by the second prize essay by Reza Shah-Kazemi, A Sacred Conception of Justice: Imam Ali’s Letter to Malik al-Ashtar (read letter excerpts HERE). Both essays have been recommended by the esteemed Professor Nasr as ‘obligatory reading,’ A testament to their quality and significance. The third essay, ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib’s Ethics of Mercy in the Mirror of the Persian Sufi Tradition’ by Leonard Lewisohn, offers a unique perspective. The book is available in Kindle and paperback editions, making it easily accessible to all on Amazon. The book may be in stock at Jamatkhana literature counters worldwide.
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Spiritual Quest: Reflections on Qur’anic Prayer According to the Teachings of Imam Ali
The Qur’an is the sacramental foundation of prayer in Islam. Its inspirational power is perpetually renewed by Muslims, who recite and meditate upon it daily. This succinct monograph, Spiritual Quest: Reflections on Qur’anic Prayer According to the Teachings of Imam ‘Ali, part of occasional papers published by the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London, provides a unique contemporary insight into the spiritual, intellectual and moral dynamics set in motion by the short Qur’anic chapters recited in their prayers by Muslims of all traditions, but which are particularly recommended within Shi’i Islam.
Dr Shah-Kazemi’s profound engagement with the chapters of the Qur’an, including the ‘Opening’ (al-Fatiha) chapter, is a testament to his intellectual depth. He bases his philosophical reflections on the teachings of Imam ‘Ali, delving into the intricate relationship between the moral and the mystical aspects of the texts. The result is a stimulating philosophical meditation that probes the profound meaning within the verses of a Revelation, which has been a constant source of inspiration, nourishment, and fulfillment for the spiritual quest of Muslims. The book is available in Kindle and Paperback editions on Amazon and may be in stock at Jamatkhana literature counters worldwide.
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Justice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam Ali
Reza Shah-Kazemi’s award-winning bookJustice and Remembrance: Introducing the Spirituality of Imam Ali, published by I. B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London, is the first serious engagement in English with the intellectual principles underpinning the first Shia Imam’s teachings. Hazrat Ali is a monumental figure in Islamic tradition. However, despite the immense importance of Imam Ali, there is a dearth of literature in Western languages about his life and thoughts. Therefore, this book is a welcome and valuable addition to the available sources. It consists of three parts. Part one introduces the person of Hazrat Ali in a general manner and focuses particularly on the spiritual and ethical content of his teachings. Part two evaluates ʿHazrat Ali’s ‘sacred conception of justice.’ Part three addresses the theme of spiritual realization through the remembrance of God, the central mystical practice of the Sufis. Justice and Remembrance will be of great value to students and scholars of Islamic thought and those interested in the relationship between spirituality and ethics. Amazon lists its availability in Kindle, Paperback and Hardback formats, ensuring that readers can access the book in their preferred format. The print editions may be used or new. The book may be in stock at Jamatkhana literature counters worldwide. The first edition of the book was published in 2006.
A video interview about the book with the author Reza Shah Kazemi can be seen on the IIS website.
Date posted: January 11, 2025.
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The Institute of Ismaili Studies (IIS) website provides a comprehensive list with brief descriptions of all its publications since it was founded by Mawlana Hazar Imam in 1977. Please click on the IIS publications listing. A few publications are also available as Audiobooks.
Opening my late parents’ literary archives is a challenging, ongoing exercise yet enriching journey. It’s been a few years — and please read the follow-up article — since I last referenced a special Ismaili Volunteer, Scouts and Guides Souvenir, a historical gem published in 1954 as a dedication to the Platinum Jubilee of Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan and 35 years of His Highness the Aga Khan’s Bombay Volunteer Corps. This Souvenir was a gift from Noordin Babul, originally of Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), Mozambique, to my parents during their visit to Toronto in 2011. Uncovering the souvenir recently, as I opened a few more of my parent’s boxes, I was struck by its historical significance and decided to examine it more closely.
The opening page of this extraordinary Souvenir includes the following message by the publisher, Lt. Col. Pirmohamed V. Madhani:
“In Commemoration of the Platinum Jubilee of His Royal Highness Prince Aga Khan and the completion of 35 years’ all-embracing humble services to Our Hazar Imam, Our country and the Ismailis by H.H. The Aga Khan’s Bombay Volunteer Corps, this Souvenir is dedicated to …..text not readable….and fervent supplication in the Holy Huzur-pur-nur of His Royal Highness….text not readable….Mohammad Shah Prince Aga Khan, Mawlana Hazar Imam Our Spiritual Father, May His Exalted Highness’ Blessings and Order Prevail, With dutiful homage, Pirmahomed V. Madhani, Lt.–Col.”
The page facing the dedication contains a special message from Mawlana Sultan Mohamed Shah in English, and on the following page, there is a text of the message in Gujarati. The message reads:
“Lt. Col. Pirmohamed has served brilliantly for a life time for the Volunteer Corps, and I do hope that all will have their names inscribed as volunteers and will take him as an example and give the same devoted services as he did” — Signed Aga Khan, 4th. June 1954.
Facing the Gujarati translation is a portrait of Imam Sultan Mahomed Shah, which appears under the Qur’anic verse, “And every thing have We counted in the Manifest Imam” — 36:12.
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Portrait of Imam Sultan Mahomed Shah Aga Khan, 48th Ismaili Imam, in a special 1954 Souvenir commemorating his Platinum Jubilee.
As I prepare to share intriguing material from the souvenir in the coming weeks, I was surprised to learn that our present Imam, Mawlana Shah Karim Al Hussaini Hazar Imam, visited India in 1954 during his grandfather’s Platinum Jubilee year, a visit that holds significant historical importance. His advice to the Jamat, given three years before he succeeded to the Imamat on July 11, 1957, is a timeless guidepost, a beacon of wisdom that he has consistently mentioned in his Farmans (guidance, edict) during his 67-year reign as the 49th Hereditary Ismaili Imam. This enduring relevance of his advice when he was not an Imam is a powerful thread connecting us to our past and guiding us into the future. The following piece from the Souvenir’s article has been adapted and edited for clarity.
June 1954: Ismaili Volunteers, Scouts and Guides Souvenir on Prince Karim Aga Khan
A portrait of Prince Karim Aga Khan before he became the 49th Hereditary Imam of the Ismailis in a unique Souvenir commemorating his grandfather’s Platinum Jubilee.
Prince Karim Aga Khan is the grandson of His Royal Highness Prince Aga Khan and the eldest son of Prince Aly Khan. He has a brilliant personality and a most promising career for the Ismaili community. Every heart is thrilled and feels excited and joyful when one recalls the most cherished memories of Prince Karim’s glorious period of childhood and youth.
The brilliant achievements of the Fatimid Imams and direct descendants of Hazrat Ali (A.S.) have a significant bearing on Prince Karim Aga Khan, and Prince Karim’s atmosphere of bliss and divine enlightenment is clearly perceptible.
Prince Karim’s outstanding leadership and high talent qualities were evident during his visit to Bharat [India]. The golden advice that Prince Karim tendered to the Jamats is proof of his clear thought and tremendous love and affection for the Ismailis.
Prince Karim Aga Khan said:
“Strive to impart such an education to children so that they may earn their rightful place in the world because on it depends on the success of their lives. It is an important requirement of life which will stand them in good stead in the battle of life. So, every effort must be made to impart to the Ismaili children the right type of education.”
The souvenir article notes that this advice is one example of Prince Karim Aga Khan’s great concern for the education of our children. The article then continues:
On another occasion during the visit, Prince Karim impressed Jamat with the need for hard work and great perseverance. He called upon everyone to do good deeds; endless service to humanity is eternal and immortal. Prince Karim requested the Jamat to help one another and thus show their true love and devotion to the community. He said:
“Your patriotism and loyalty must be sincere, active and productive. Please follow this advice, and be industrious and hardworking. The work done for the community is always noble and verily we are taught that all good deeds shall be compensated fourfold.”
Prince Karim called upon everyone to always remember the Farmans so lovingly bestowed by Imam-e-Zaman [the Imam-of-the-Time, then his grandfather, the 48th Imam, Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah] and to translate the Farmans fully into action.
The Souvenir states that the Ismailis of Bharat were fortunate to have His Serene Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan in their midst in 1954. His words of wisdom, which he uttered on various occasions, were so full of meaning that everyone was highly impressed with his intellectual superiority and qualities of mind and heart.
The Souvenir concludes: “We are all so happy that Prince Karim is taking such a keen interest in our welfare and happiness.”
May I note that the Souvenir is rich with information about Ismaili volunteers of the time and narratives of Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah’s visits to the Jamat in India. We look forward to sharing some of the Souvenir’s content in future pieces in Simerg and its sister website, Barakah.
Date posted: January 6, 2025. Last updated: January 7, 2025 (typo).
A new Moon occurs when all of the Sun’s light is reflected away from Earth, and the side of the Moon facing Earth is barely visible, as illustrated in the above NASA photo.
Chandraat, the Night of the New Moon, is a joyous celebration for Ismaili Muslims. It marks the start of a new Islamic month and is celebrated with great religious fervour. The 48th Hereditary Ismaili Imam, Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah, His Highness the Aga Khan III (d. July 11, 1957), in a timeless message to his community in East Africa in the mid-1900s, described Chandraat as a blessed night that brings immense spiritual happiness and inner peace. This emphasis on the spiritual significance of Chandraat serves to uplift and connect the Ismaili community to their faith.
In Canada, Ismailis observed Chandraat on December 31, 2024 — which began the month of Rajab — when the New Moon’s illumination was 1.1%. The Jamatkhanas were filled to capacity, and in Calgary, Alberta, Ismailis welcomed 2025 with a festive dinner and a lively musical show in their respective Jamatkhana social halls after the religious ceremonies.
One of the highlights of the Chandraat evening was a special announcement by the Ismaili Leaders International Forum (LIF), a platform that brings together Ismaili leaders from around the world to discuss and address community issues. In this announcement, Mawlana Hazar Imam asked his senior LIF leaders to convey his blessings to the Jamat when they met him on the joyous occasion of his birthday. He turned 88 on December 13, 2024. Sweets blessed by the Imam during the meeting were distributed in the Jamatkhana, bringing everyone overwhelming happiness as they were about to enter 2025.
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New Year 2025 decoration in the foyer of Calgary Headquarters Jamatkhana, December, 31, 2024. Photograph: Malik Merchant/Simerg.
On celebratory days and special occasions, Mawlana Hazar Imam sends a Talika (a holy written message) to convey special blessings to the Jamat. His message, read out on December 13, 2024, touched upon the state of affairs in the world today. It included a powerful reminder to the Jamat that throughout its history, it has faced challenges with strength and inspiration, derived from the Imam’s individual spiritual bond with his followers. Importantly, he reassured us that he would always be with us, even when he was not physically able to visit us, providing a comforting sense of support.
Now, our New Year Resolution for 2025, aside from our personal resolutions, whatever they may be, should focus on further strengthening the spiritual bond with the Imam by fulfilling his aspirations of the Jamat — to live in unity, be regular in the practice of our faith and understand the faith well, be in remembrance of Allah, build bridges with other communities, educate ourselves because our faith is a faith of intellect, and be generous in spirit as well as with wealth. Specifically, the Imam wishes his Jamat nothing but the best in both material and spiritual matters.
In addition, his recommendations on what it takes to be a global citizen are worth reflecting upon as we make our resolutions and commit ourselves to our future well-being and progress, both materially and spiritually, in 2025 and beyond.
Part I of this post is adapted from Michael Wolfe’s excellent piece, Jesus Through a Muslim Lens. In Part II, we link to New Lines magazine for Mustafa Aykol’s well-researched and insightful piece. Aykol discusses the traditional Christian accounts of the place of Jesus’ birth in a manger or a cave, contrasting it with the Qur’anic description that Mary gave birth to Jesus under a tree. Both these pieces offer diverse and inspiring perspectives, and they underscore the importance of respecting different beliefs as Christians worldwide celebrate the birth of Jesus (peace be upon him) on December 25, 2024. We express our best wishes to our readers during this inclusive holiday season, valuing the diversity of our audience’s beliefs.
Part 1: Jesus in Islam
Selected verses from the Qur’an from Chapter 19 entitled Maryam (the Muslim name attributed to Mary) about the birth of Jesus (or Hazrat Issa as he is known in Islam). Please click on image for enlargement. Photograph: Simerg.
The miraculous birth of Jesus of Nazareth was a remarkable event. It gave rise to Christianity, the world’s largest religion, and changed the course of history. Yet something is captivating about this remarkable birth which many Christians may not be aware of: that Muslims believe in the Virgin Birth and Jesus’ miracles and that he is not just acknowledged but venerated throughout Islam, the world’s second-largest faith. This profound veneration of Jesus in Islam adds depth to the topic, particularly for those interested in religious studies.
Two events in the life of the prophet Muhammad may help explain why Muslims revere the Christian Jesus.
The first event involves an elder resident of Mecca named Waraqa bin Nawfal. This man was an early Arab Christian and an uncle of Muhammad’s wife, Khadija. We know he could read Hebrew, that he was mystical by nature, and that he attended Khadija and Muhammad’s wedding in about 595 C.E. Fifteen years later, a worried Khadija sought Waraqa out and brought her husband to him.
At the time, Muhammad was a 40-year-old respected family man. He attended this “family therapy” session in a rare state of agitation. He was frightened. He had been meditating one evening in a cave on the outskirts of town. There, while half asleep, he had experienced something so disturbing that he feared he was possessed. A voice had spoken to him.
Waraqa listened to his story, which Muslims will recognize as a description of Muhammad’s first encounter with the angel Gabriel. When it was finished, Waraqa assured him he was not possessed.
“What you have heard is the voice of the same spiritual messenger God sent to Moses. I wish I could be a young man when you become a prophet! I would like to be alive when your own people expel you.”
“Will they expel me?” Muhammad asked.
“Yes,” the old man said. “No one has ever brought his people the news you bring without meeting hostility. If I live to see the day, I will support you.”
Christians will recognize in Waraqa’s remarks an aphorism associated with Jesus: “A prophet is not without honor, save in his own country.” But that a Christian should first have verified Muhammad’s role as a prophet may come as a surprise.
The second important event concerning Islam and Christianity dates from 616, a few years after Muhammad began to preach publicly. This first attempt to reinstate the Abrahamic tradition in Mecca met (as Waraqa had warned) with violent opposition.
Perhaps the Meccans resented Muhammad’s special claim. Perhaps his message of a single, invisible, ever-present God threatened the economy of their city. A month’s ride south from the centers of power in Syria and Persia, poor remote Mecca depended on long-distance trade and on seasonal pilgrims who came there each year to honor hundreds of pagan idols, paying a tax to do so.
At any rate, Muhammad’s disruptive suggestion that “God was One” and could be found anywhere did not sit well with the businessmen of Mecca.
Many new Muslims were being tortured. Their livelihoods were threatened, their families persecuted. As matters grew worse, in 616 Muhammad sent a small band of followers across the Red Sea to seek shelter in the Christian kingdom of Axum. There, he told them, they would find a just ruler, the Negus, who could protect them. The Muslims found the Negus in his palace, somewhere in the borderland between modern Ethiopia and Eritrea.
And protect them he did, after one Muslim recited to him some lines on the Virgin Mary from the Qur’an. The Negus wept at what he heard. Between Christians and Muslims, he said, he could not make out more difference than the thickness of a twig.
These two stories underscore the support Christians gave Muhammad in times of trial. The Qur’an distils the meaning from the drama:
“Those who feel the most affection for us (who put our faith in the Qur’an), are those that say, “We are Christians,” for priests and monks live among them who are not arrogant. When they listen to what We have shown Muhammad, their eyes brim over with tears at the truth they find there….”
Even today, when a Muslim mentions Jesus’ name, you will hear it followed by the phrase “peace and blessings be upon him,” because Muslims still revere him as a prophet.
Was Jesus born in a manger or in a cave, as many Christian traditions inform us, or under a tree, as some Christian traditions, as well as the Qur’an, tell us? For example, the story in the New Testament, as narrated in the gospels of Matthew and Luke with some nuances, is well known: Jesus was born in Bethlehem. His virgin mother, Mary, according to Luke, wrapped her newborn baby in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger. “This description,” writes Mustafa Akyol, “has defined Christian imagination for centuries, with countless works of art depicting the baby Jesus lying in a barn, surrounded by hay, sheep and cows.”
Other accounts suggest he was born in a cave within the confines of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (see photograph, below), one of the oldest continuously operating churches in the world.
The Altar of the Nativity, beneath which is the fourteen-point silver star marking the traditional spot of Jesus’ birth. The star is set into the marble floor and surrounded by 15 silver lamps representing the three Christian communities: six belong to the Greek Orthodox, four to the Catholics, and five to the Armenian Apostolic. For more about the significance and history of the Church, please click Wikipedia. Photograph: Muslim Harji, Montreal.
Islam, while accepting the miraculous birth of Jesus, provides a significantly different account of the Nativity. According to the Qur’an, Jesus is born not in Bethlehem but in an unspecified “distant place.” Mary is all alone while giving birth to him, and there is no one to help her. She is said to give birth under a palm tree next to a miraculous spring. Read Mustafa Aykol’s beautifully written and insightfully researched piece, Jesus’ Birth Between Islam and Christianity, published in New Lines Magazine.
Left: Mary nurtured by a palm tree in a Turkish miniature, as described in the Qur’an; right: Mary and Jesus in a Persian miniature. Images: Wikipedia.
Calgary’s Olympic Park is a mere 14 km from downtown, making it a convenient and accessible destination for both tourists and locals. This unique venue hosted many winter events during the XV Olympic Games held in 1988, including bobsleigh, luge, Nordic combined, ski jumping, and freestyle skiing. On the first day of winter in Calgary, December 21, 2024, the weather was surprisingly mild, with a temperature of around 4°C (39 °F).
I was again at the Farmer’s Market West, packed with Christmas shoppers. Driving to the market, I could see the Olympic Park in all its glory as skiers descended the slopes. Everyone was at the Market to enjoy the Christmas ambiance with music, decorated shops, and fabulous food. The atmosphere was lovely as I grabbed a bag of large pomegranates and enjoyed a Montreal-style sesame seed vegetarian bagel. Sharing a large table in the market with others, one lady observed: “You don’t have to go to Banff or Lake Louise to ski; you can enjoy the Olympic Park just as much, especially when you have a family.”
As I stepped out of the Market, I once again saw the Olympic Park, and I could not help but drive to its base to take a few photographs and pick one as the photo of the day! Calgarians and visitors, please enjoy the Olympic Park during winter. Its facilities make it remarkable and an excellent spot for a day of thrilling winter activities that will excite you and your entire family. It is a great training ground for beginner skiers before they head to the slopes in Banff and Lake Louise, and it’s a perfect family outing.
I eagerly await the opening of Calgary Farmers’ Market West each Wednesday. Its sister market in the south end opens a day later. Both are open through Sunday, while Crossroads in the south opens Friday. Each market offers an enticing array of choices for consumers to shop for fresh fruits, vegetables, bread, and meats, as well as unique, one-of-a-kind spices, desserts, vitamins, and homemade artifacts. It’s a joy to visit the markets and enjoy freshly prepared meals. The west side is the newest and has plenty of seating in the centre aisle, with shops on either side.
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Pomegranate from Calgary Farmer Market West. Photograph: Malik Merchant.
Recently, I’ve been spotting these massive pomegranates at grocery stores, and they’re a total steal at just $2.99. On my last trip to Market West, I couldn’t resist picking up two of these large pomegranates. Now, I’m all too familiar with the struggle of cutting and separating the fruit from its inner skin. The fear of the juice squirting onto your clothes can be pretty daunting. Yes, an apron can be the answer, but I have a better solution. It’s a technique I learned from a TV program I watched almost 40 years ago in Ottawa. And I can guarantee it’s mess-free! No more worrying about stains. I’ve just cut one while wearing a new sale-priced table tennis tee shirt from the Boathouse! Who wants to look messy in the courtroom with untidy red stains on a sporty green shirt?
It is this method that has made me an ardent pomegranate fanatic. So this is what I do. On a board, I slice the pomegranate into half. I then dip the halves into a deep bowl of water at a temperature that suits you best and use my thumbs to roll away the juicy red arils from the white pith!
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Pomegranate from Farmer’s Market West, Calgary. Photograph: Malik Merchant
I remove as much floating pith from the bowl as possible and then use a drainer to capture the fruit! The picture shows the second pomegranate I have yet to cut and the bowl from the first. I encounter shoppers who want to buy pomegranates but dread cutting them and separating the fruit from the pith, and I tell them my story! My time spent cutting the fruit was about seven minutes. The fruit was so juicy that I finished the bowl in equal time!
The pomegranate is mentioned as follows in the Qur’an, along with other fruits.
“It is He who sent down out of heaven water, and thereby We have brought forth the shoot of every plant, and then We have brought forth the green leaf of it, bringing forth from it close-compounded grain, and out of the palm-tree, from the spathe of it, dates thick-lustered, ready to the hand, and gardens of vines, olives, pomegranates, like each to each, and each unlike to each. Look upon their fruits when they fructify and ripen! Surely, in all this are signs for a people who do believe — 6:99, translated by A.J. Arberry (see Corpus Qur’an for multiple translations of the verse).
A favourite fruit used in juices and syrups, the pomegranate is a massive part of many cultures today. Appearing in the Qur’an three times, the pomegranate is often mentioned about Heaven and God’s gift to humankind. The fruit is nutritious. While its protein and fat contents are insignificant, it is naturally high in vitamin C, and potassium, low in calories and a great source of fibre. In a piece entitled “Health benefits of pomegranates extend throughout the body,” Dr. David Heber, MD, founding director of the UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, writes that pomegranate has the largest and most potent polyphenol antioxidant known. Healthline mentions 10 benefits of eating pomegranate.
So buy and eat pomegranates regularly, follow my method of cutting them, and enjoy them without creating a mess!
Date posted: December 19, 2024.
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We invite our readers to click HERE for a brief background information and the history of Ismaili Constitutions over the past 120 years.
This post presents the Preamble of the Ismaili Constitution, a significant document ordained in 1986 by His Highness the Aga Khan. This introductory succinct statement delves into the principle of Imamat succession, a vital and essential aspect of Ismaili history, culture, and tradition over the past 1400 years since the designation of Hazrat Ali as the successor of Prophet Muhammad (May peace be upon him and his family). It also discusses the permanency of the spiritual bond between the Imam-of-the-Time and his followers, who now live in more than 35 countries, forming a global community of Ismaili Muslims. This community is diverse, with members from different cultural, linguistic, and ethnic backgrounds, yet united in their faith and allegiance to the Imam. There are approximately 200,000 Ismaili Muslims in North America, contributing to this global presence of 12 million Ismailis.
The present 49th Imam of the Ismaili Muslims, His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan, like all his predecessors, is a figure of deep respect and affection for his followers. They address him as Mawlana Hazar Imam (Our Lord, the present living Imam) with a sense of reverence. He succeeded to the throne of Imamat at the remarkable age of twenty, when he was still a student at Harvard University, by the will of his grandfather, Mawlana Sultan Mahomed Shah, His Highness the Aga Khan III. His grandfather reigned the Ismaili community (Jamat) as their 48th Imam for an impressive 72 years, from August 17, 1885, to July 11, 1957, leaving behind a weighty legacy. The will made the succession clear. It stated:
“Ever since the time of my first ancestor Ali, the first Imam, that is to say over a period of thirteen hundred years it has always been the tradition of our family that each Imam chooses his successor at his absolute and unfettered discretion from amongst any of his descendants whether they be sons or remoter male issue. In view of the fundamentally altered conditions in the world in very recent years due to the great changes which have taken place including the discoveries of atomic science I am convinced that it is in the best interests of the Shia Moslem Ismailian Community that I should be succeeded by a young man who has been brought up and developed during recent years and in the midst of the new age and who brings a new outlook on life to his office as Imam. I appoint my grandson Karim, the son of my son Aly Salomone Khan to succeed to the title of Aga Khan and to be the Imam and Pir of all my Shia Ismailian followers.”
Although the will was read on July 12, 1957, the new Imam instantly became the Imam. In a TV interview with an American reporter during his installment ceremonies in East Africa, Prince Karim stated:
“The [installation] ceremony is a public installation of the Imam. The Ismailis pay homage to the Imam and that is when you are recognised by the world at large as the Imam. Officially, as soon as one Imam passes away, his successor takes on from the very minute the Imam has passed away.” [A clip of the interview was available on Nanowisdoms, but the resourceful website containing the Aga Khan’s speeches and interviews is currently inactive and unavailable.]
This instantaneous succession underlines the principle of the Unity of Imamat, that is, the Ismaili belief and understanding that each Imam is the same Bearer of the Nur (Light) of Imamat, irrespective of his own age or the time he lives in. Ismaili Imams, missionaries, poets and scholars have articulated this belief throughout Ismaili history. The 33rd Imam, Abd al-Salam, who lived in the 15th century, said:
“The Imam’s true face is to be perceived with the eyes of the heart. He has thousands of physical habitations, but his true home is traceless; He has had a thousand names, but all of them refer to one reality.”
The present Imam, in his address to his community in Karachi on the occasion of his 28th birthday in December 1964, said:
“For hundreds of years, my spiritual children have been guided by the Rope of Imamat; you have looked to the Imam of the Age for advice and help in all matters and through your Imam’s immense love and affection for his spiritual children, his Noor has indicated to you where and in which direction you must turn to obtain spiritual and worldly satisfaction.”
With these preliminary thoughts, we now provide the text of the Preamble from the Ismaili Constitution.
The Preamble of the Ismaili Constitution
Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, is seen signing a new constitution for the worldwide Ismaili community on his 50th birthday, December 13, 1986. Beside him is the flag of the Ismaili Imamat, bearing his crest in the centre.
A) The Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims affirm the shahādah lā ilāha illa-llāh, Muhammadur rasulu-llāh, the Tawhid therein and that the Holy Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.) is the last and final Prophet of Allah. Islam, as revealed in the Holy Quran, is the final message of Allah to mankind, and is universal and eternal. The Holy Prophet (s.a.s.) through the divine revelation from Allah prescribed rules governing spiritual and temporal matters.
(B) In accordance with Shia doctrine, tradition, and interpretation of history, the Holy Prophet (s.a.s.) designated and appointed his cousin and son-in-law Hazrat Mawlana Ali Amiru-l-Mu’minin (a.s), to be the first Imam to continue the Ta’wīl and Ta‘līm of Allah’s final message and to guide the murids, and proclaimed that the Imamat should continue by heredity through Hazrat Mawlana Ali (a.s) and his daughter Hazrat Bibi Fatimat-az-Zahra, Khātun-i-Jannat (a.s).
(C) Succession of Imamat is by way of Nass, it being the absolute prerogative of the Imam of the time to appoint his successor from amongst any of his male descendents whether they be sons or remoter issue.
(D) The authority of the Imam in the Ismaili Tariqah is testified by Bay‘ah by the murid to the Imam which is the act of acceptance by the murid of the permanent spiritual bond between the Imam and the murid. This allegiance unites all Ismaili Muslims worldwide in their loyalty, devotion and obedience to the Imam within the Islamic concept of universal brotherhood. It is distinct from the allegiance of the individual murid to his land of abode.
(E) From the time of the Imamat of Hazrat Mawlana Ali (a.s), the Imams of the Ismaili Muslims have ruled over territories and peoples in various areas of the world at different periods of history and, in accordance with the needs of the time, have given rules of conduct and constitution in conformity with the Islamic concepts of unity, brotherhood, justice, tolerance and goodwill.
(F) Historically and in accordance with Ismaili tradition, the Imam of the Time is concerned with spiritual advancement as well as improvement of the quality of life of his murids. The imam’s ta‘lim lights the murid’s path to spiritual enlightenment and vision. In temporal matters, the Imam guides the murids, and motivates them to develop their potential.
(G) Mawlana Hazar Imam Shah Karim al Hussaini, His Highness Prince Aga Khan, in direct lineal descent from the Holy Prophet (s.a.s.) through Hazrat Mawlana Ali (a.s.) and Hazrat Bibi Fatima (a.s), is the Forty-Ninth Imam of the Ismaili Muslims.
(H) By virtue of his office and in accordance with the faith and belief of the Ismaili Muslims, the Imam enjoys full authority of governance over and in respect of all religious and Jamati matters of the Ismaili Muslims.
(I) It is the desire and Hidāyat of Mawlana Hazar Imam that the constitutions presently applicable to the Ismaili Muslims in different countries be superseded and that the Ismaili Muslims worldwide be given this constitution in order better to secure their peace and unity, religious and social welfare, to foster fruitful collaboration between different peoples, to optimise the use of resources, and to enable the Ismaili Muslims to make a valid and meaningful contribution to the improvement of the quality of life of the Ummah and the societies in which they live.
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