Simerg is an independent initiative dedicated to Ismaili Muslims, the Aga Khan — their Hereditary Imam — and the Ismaili Imamat, and Islam in general through literary readings, photo essays and artistic expressions
We invite readers to explore our sister website, Barakah, for special coverage of the Aga Khan’s historic seven-day visit to India. He arrived in New Delhi on Wednesday, September 9, 2026. During his trip, he will meet with government leaders and bestow a Didar (meaning “a glimpse”) upon his Ismaili community– a profoundly inspiring and spiritually uplifting event deeply cherished by every Ismaili to see their beloved Imam in their midst and receive guidance for their material and spiritual well-being. His visit follows earlier trips to France, Kenya, Uganda, the USA, Portugal, the UK, Eastern Canada,Northern Pakistan, Germany and Western Canada (click the links for Barakah’s special coverage of the 10 trips).
His Highness the Aga Khan meets India’s External Affairs Minister, September 10, 2026. Click the image for coverage in Barakah.
Editor’s Note: The author’s name, a refugee in Spain, is being withheld to respect her privacy and protect her family members, who are dispersed in South and Central Asia. We have communicated with the author and are pleased to publish her inspiring and moving account of her Didar with Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, the 50th Hereditary Imam of the Shia Ismaili Muslims. She attended the Didar with the Jamat of Portugal and Spain on Wednesday, December 3, 2025, and with the youth of both countries the following morning, Thursday, December 4. Her resilience and courage, highlighted by her family’s widespread dispersal, are remarkable. Her piece emphasizes the importance of shared stories that strengthen our community bonds and sense of purpose.
Letter from Spain: My Didar of Mawlana Hazar Imam in Lisbon
The motif representing Nur or Light, has been used by Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, during his inaugural visits to Ismaili Muslims around the world. His recent visit to Portugal from December 3 to 5, 2025, was his fifth such visit since becoming their 50th Imam on February 4, 2025. It was preceeded by visits to the USA (November), Uganda (September), Kenya (August), and France (July). Photograph: The Ismaili.
I received the news of the Didar of Mawlana Hazar Imam Shah Rahim al Hussaini twenty days earlier. It felt like a morning breeze carrying a long-held, unreachable wish. When I first heard that the Didar would take place from the 1st to the 4th, my heart began to shiver with happiness. Yet, at the same time, a weight of sorrow settled in my chest. I feared that I might not be able to go — that the wish I had carried throughout my life would never come true — because I am a refugee in Spain, awaiting the final documents confirming my refugee status.
With all the “yeses” and “nos” circling in my mind, and despite all the limitations around me, a small flame of hope kept whispering in my heart: You must go… You have to try. You deserve for this dream to come true.
Following that hope, I spoke with my social worker and case lawyer. I explained the value of this visit and described how deeply it mattered to me, both mentally and personally. But their response was subdued. They warned it could jeopardize my refugee case.
Yet I knew that if I did not make it to this Didar, I might lose a part of myself forever — a part that could never be found again. I accepted the risk because this was not just a journey. It was a symbol of my resilience and hope. It made me feel as though my soul was being protected. I decided to set out on the journey I had been waiting for my entire life, trusting that faith and perseverance would guide me through.
On Monday morning, the 1st of December — the Didar by now had been confirmed for the 3rd with the Jamat and on the 4th with the youth — I took a chance and rode to Lisbon. I prayed silently: Dear Allah, please make my path into this Didar easy… I want to reach without any trouble. By Allah’s grace, I entered Portugal without any problems, and waves of joy began moving through my heart.
That night, and the night before visiting Mawlana Hazar Imam, I could not sleep at all. I kept thinking: I am going to meet someone who has known me for so long, who loves me, who cares for me, who is my Imam, and who is like a father to me.
The arrival of morning felt like the arrival of light into the darkest corners of my heart. I counted every moment, feeling deeply grateful for the bond I had with the Imam, wondering whether I was dreaming or awake. In my 24 years of life, this was my first time visiting the Hazar Imam of the Ismaili community, and it felt almost unbelievable. Suddenly, I heard “اللهم صلّی علی محمد و آل محمد”…. Allahumm-a Sall-i ‘Ala Muhammad-in Wa Al-i Muhammad…. My eyes were already open, yet I tried to open them wider — to see more, hear more, feel more.
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Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, on stage at the Didar for the Jamat of Portugal and Spain, in Lisbon, December 3, 2025. Photograph: IPL / Akbar Hakim.
“From where will he enter?” I whispered with a trembling voice. And then, in that very moment, my eyes caught sight of Hazar Imam. A wave of emotion washed over me — my heart grew heavy, my throat dried, and tears began falling from the corners of my eyes. With my hand on my heart, I kept watching him, overwhelmed by a mix of awe and longing.
For a moment, my heart spoke words that had been silent for years — words filled with sorrow, loneliness, and the hardships of being a refugee. With every step Hazar Imam took, my heart repeated those words, tears streaming down my face. I whispered, Why have I come so late to see you? Why could I not attend this Didar with my family? Why have we been shattered?
Although I felt immense happiness at reaching this Didar and seeing the luminous face of Hazar Imam, a heaviness lingered in my heart. In this sacred moment, my elation from finally arriving was met by loneliness. The joy of connection stood beside the ache of separation from my family and memories of enduring many hardships. These two emotions, happiness and pain, moved together within me.
Meeting Hazar Imam was a transformative spiritual experience that marked a turning point in my faith journey. I felt his presence, hearing every word in my heart and sensing each of my steps. From that moment, I no longer remained the weak and broken version of myself. A new hope has blossomed within me, and a new strength has settled in my heart.
As I write this piece, I feel like the luckiest person on earth. I feel light and relieved, no longer weighed down. All the helplessness and weakness that overshadowed me for years have disappeared. This is the light of Imamat. From the moment I saw Imam Hazir, Shah Rahim al Hussaini, and spoke to him with my broken heart, I found the peace I had been missing for years. Now, I feel like a blessed and spiritually renewed child.
Fortunately, as a young member of the Jamat, I had the opportunity to attend another Didar the next morning, Thursday, December 4. This Didar was in the intimate setting of the Darkhana Jamatkhana at the Ismaili Centre Lisbon. The previous day’s Didar was attended by around 3,000 members from Portugal and Spain. It was held at FIL — Feira Internacional de Lisboa, in Parque das Nações. I was informed it was the venue of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Mawlana Shah Karim in July 2018.
Now I was already in Lisbon. I had had my first beautiful Didar, which filled me with (spiritual) happiness I cannot truly express in words. I was going to be in Mawlana Imam Hazar Imam’s presence, to see him in person once again and to listen to his loving words that always bring peace to my heart.
We left the hotel at 7:30 in the morning. With every step I took toward the venue, I felt joy slowly flooding my heart, like a calm yet powerful wave. I had prepared myself with care, wanting to be worthy of such a special moment.
But just when everything seemed perfect, something unexpected happened. I didn’t have the special card for the second day. They had told me earlier that the same card from the first day would be enough. Still, they refused to let me enter. My heart sank. I thought I might miss the second moment, surrounded by Hazar Imam’s young spiritual children, I had been waiting for.
They asked me to wait on the side while they decided. Every second felt incredibly long. I watched other young people walk in, smiling, while I stood outside. I was caught between hope and disappointment. I could feel my heartbeat slowing down, as if giving up…
After about twenty minutes, someone came and told me I could go inside. At that moment, it felt like I could breathe again. I stepped in, full of emotion. I was almost the last person to arrive, but my heart was overflowing with gratitude… truly grateful.
Not long after, Hazar Imam walked into the Jamatkhana hall. I instinctively straightened up, as if my whole being wanted to welcome him with love and respect. He looked at the youth with warm energy and a loving fatherly smile. I felt something new growing inside me.
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Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, addresses young members of the Ismaili communities of Portugal and Spain in the Darkhana Jamatkhana at the Ismaili Center, Lisbon, December 4, 2025. Photograph: IPL / Akbar Hakim.
When he began to speak, his words glowed with faith, hope, learning, respect, and strength. I promised myself I wouldn’t just listen — I would live those words. Like millions around the world, I will listen again as Mawlana Hazar Imam’s Farmans are read out in Jamatkhanas and distributed as printed booklets.
I was going through one of the most challenging moments of my life, feeling lost until his words felt like fresh air filling my lungs again. At first, I was overwhelmed by despair, but his encouragement brought back my desire to live and to fight for a better tomorrow. It felt as if a hand of light lifted me from darkness and whispered: It’s not over… There is always hope. The two days of Didar became the most memorable and happiest days of my life, and I will cherish the experience for the rest of my life.
Date posted: December 9, 2025
NOTE: A version of this post appears on our sister website Barakah, which is dedicated to His Highness the Aga Khan, members of his family and the Ismaili Imamat.
When I relocated to Alberta some 4 years ago, Nazarali Momin, originally of India and a pioneer of the USA Ismaili community who arrived as a student in 1969, shared photos with Barakah readers about the foundation ceremony of India’s Methan Sidhpur Jamatkhana by Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, in 1978, an event that marked a milestone in Sidhpur’s history and development, highlighting the deep roots and ongoing legacy of the Indian Ismaili community.
Nazarali Momin (right, popularly known as Nazar Indian) and Malik Merchant in Houston, Texas, November 11, 2025.
Since then, Nazarali and I have stayed in regular contact. He has been encouraging me to visit Houston, Texas, to experience the innovative spirit among Ismaili entrepreneurs that has fostered projects promoting economic prosperity and the Jamat’s social, physical, and mental well-being.
The projects have been implemented in the spirit of ‘One Jamat,’ a slogan that has resonated worldwide since the Golden Jubilee of Mawlana Shah Karim, and which he mentioned years before his Jubilee. During my conversations with Nazarali, he often highlighted Mawlana Shah Karim’s aspirations for the Jamat, especially a handwritten message from December 13, 2008, which underscores the ongoing relevance of his guiding principles and inspires us to align our efforts accordingly:
“I will be calling upon you from time to time in the future, to come to work with me, so that what we have decided to do together, from the end of the Golden Jubilee year onwards, actually and effectively, is carried forward. Because our institutions are growing very quickly, it is my hope and prayer that, 10 or 15 years from now, the Jamat’s capacity in most of the countries where it is living, will be very significant indeed, and that is what the Shia Ismaili Tariqah of Islam should achieve in the world. I am ambitious for you in the right way, just as a father and mother are ambitious for their children. Both a father and a mother want their children to work well, properly and ethically, and to carry these values throughout their lives. These are thoughts that I share with you, and although I will be leaving you physically today, I am always with you. I watch over you, I think of you, I pray for you, and I want you to know that I am always with my Jamath.” — Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV.
When I recently attended the inauguration ceremony of the Ismaili Center in Houston, I was deeply moved by the impact of the Ismaili initiatives, which are transforming lives and strengthening our community. Instead of the usual tourist attractions such as Houston’s museums and the NASA Space Center, I dedicated three days to understanding these inspiring projects and engaging with the founders and visionaries behind them. This experience, in the company of Nazarali Momin, not only equipped me with a wealth of knowledge but also inspired me to create this special series to describe the Flagship initiatives inspired by Mawlana Shah Karim’s repeated guidance to the Ismaili community worldwide. His teachings on addressing poverty within the Jamat, caring for our aging members, and the importance of the Jamat coming together to form viable partnerships in common industries and professions, first mentioned in the 1960s, have served as a guiding light for these projects.
Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, and Houston Mayor John Whitmire unveil the inauguration plaque of the Ismaili Center, Houston, November 6, 2025.
It should be noted that Mawlana Shah Rahim has equally addressed these important sentiments in his Farmans since becoming the Imam. One of the most profound statements he made during his meeting with Ismaili youth in the USA was his definition of success as someone who gives and shares what they have. Success to Mawlana Hazar Imam is someone who uplifts others, emphasizing that the well-being and upliftment of the Jamat are central to our collective purpose.
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Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, addresses young members of the Central USA Jamat at Dallas Headquarters Jamatkhana, November 10, 2025. Photograph: IPL / Akbar Hakim.
Nothing to Mawlana Hazar Imam, as all the Imams before him, is as important as the well-being, stability, and upliftment of the Jamat, and I was gratified and touched by what I saw in Texas. The dedication and hard work of the Jamati individuals and entrepreneurs, leaders in their own right, who seek to meet his expectations for his beloved spiritual children around the world, are truly inspiring. When I met the leaders of these institutions, they exhibited humility and sincerity. I experienced their joy and happiness at being able to help the Ismaili Jamat and contribute to their establishment in the country.
In short, the exciting projects I will describe serve as a role model for the Ismaili community worldwide. They all benefit from the economic power of the Houston Jamat’s private sector entrepreneurs and professionals. I will describe each of the projects I visited in detail as part of a four-part series, beginning with project 1 next week. However, before I do that, here is an overview of the projects — 1 through 3 — I visited during my recent trip, as well as project 4 that I hope to visit during my next trip to Houston.
A beautiful view of the grounds of the 44-acre Pioneer Community Center after a rare snowfall in Houston during the 2024/5 winter season. Photograph: Salim Sunesara / Pioneer Community Center.
When I visited this unique facility, I could not help but think of Mawlana Shah Rahim’s Farmans, which emphasize the importance of being active through playing sports and moving!
Located in Rosenberg, within the Greater Houston Area, this stunning facility is a treasure trove of diverse amenities exclusively for the Ismaili community. With an indoor fitness center, a huge gymnasium with two NBA-sized basketball courts, children’s playgrounds, a beautiful lake, pickleball and tennis courts, a lovely swimming pool, a kilometre-long walking path, cricket and football fields and much more, including a seniors building, there’s something for everyone to enjoy.
A scaled depiction of the 44-acre Pioneer Community Center, Houston, Texas. Photograph: Pioneer Community Center.
The 44 acres of land were acquired through a generous donation from Pioneer Mutual Credit Union. It accommodates 1,000 concrete parking spaces. For Mawlana Hazar Imam’s recent visit to Houston, the Center served as an overflow to support the seven Ismaili Jamatkhanas in the metro area. It also supports one of the largest Jamatkhana overflows during other significant events.
NPFCU, launched in 1989, has more than 18,000 Ismaili members and total assets of $422 million, according to its 2024 Annual Report.
Nizari plays a vital role in meeting the diverse financial needs of SW USA Jamat through its locations in Austin, Dallas, San Antonio, and Sugar Land (part of Houston’s Metro Area). It has been achieving outstanding performance rankings and government certifications, which help instill confidence and security among its members.
NPFCU is considered in the top 1% percentile among peers in the United States. PMFCU and NPFCU are two of the three credit unions in the USA Jamat, the other being Platinum Federal Credit Union in Atlanta. The unions are healthy competitors, yet in the spirit of unity within the Ismaili community, they act as partners. No other Jamat has such Ismaili-led credit unions, independent of Jamati institutions.
NPFCU will be described in more detail in a forthcoming article in the series.
This project, led by Nasruddin Rupani and governed by the Ibn Sina Foundation, reflects the foundation’s long-standing commitment to healthcare. Rupani founded Houston’s first clinic in 2001 to provide affordable medical services to the community. The seven Ibn Sina clinics in greater Houston serve a diverse population, with the majority of patients being non-Ismailis, illustrating the foundation’s broad reach and history of service. The ribbon-cutting of this clinic was done by then-Texas Governor Rick Perry.
Rupani showed me the health center’s facilities, including a busy walk-in clinic staffed by doctors and qualified medical practitioners, a separate children’s clinic, and a dental health center with state-of-the-art equipment. A new building for Ibn Sina’s mental health program is expected to be completed within the next few months. Rupani’s ambition is to achieve university status as the Ibn Sina Center continues its growth trajectory. As I left the health center, I met the on-duty pharmacist, who informed me that all prescriptions issued by the Center’s medical team are provided free of charge, demonstrating the center’s commitment to accessible healthcare services.
Recognition from government authorities, including the City of Houston, Harris County, and the State of Texas, affirms the quality and impact of the seven Ibn Sina clinics in the Houston Metro Area, underscoring their reputation and credibility.
Ibn Sina will be described in more detail in a forthcoming article in the series.
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4. Greater Houston Retailers Association (GHRA) Distribution and Warehouse Center; Houston, Texas
I was all set to visit the Warehouse Center in Houston and travel to Austin, the Texas State Capital, to see an even larger warehouse facility. Unfortunately, the Houston warehouse was closed on Veterans’ Day, November 11, so I did not make the trip. I was also unable to travel to Austin. However, I was fortunate to receive an informative summary about GHRA from my Houston host, Nazarali, as follows:
GHRA was established in 1999 to supply thousands of grocery-related items to Ismaili owners of convenience stores and gas stations (C-stores) in the Houston metro. Shortly after its founding, GHRA became the largest trade association (TA) among the then 12 trade associations under the Jamat’s umbrella, the National Alliance of Trade Associations (NATA). NATA’s success and reputation enabled its former board chairman to be invited to serve on the Board of the National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS), headquartered in the Washington, DC, metro region.
NACS is also a lobby and serves the global convenience and fuel retailing industry, with 152,000+ C-stores operating in the USA. Today, lsmailis own more than 3,000 stores spanning all seven NC jurisdictions. This represents 2% of NACS’s national total, disproportionately higher than the Ismaili community’s share of the national population. Ismaili stores have combined gross annual sales of a whopping $12 billion. Around 2,000 stores are members of GHRA, which controls 33% of the C-stores in greater Houston. Recognizing the need to cut out the “middlemen” and streamline parts of the supply chain, GHRA built its warehouse in 2016 and began distributing merchandise directly to its C-store members at a discounted price. It has an annual sales turnover of $400 million and is growing.
We hope to commence our four-part Houston project series soon, starting with an exciting photo essay on the Pioneer Community Center in the next fortnight, and complete the series by the end of this year.
Date posted: November 24, 2025. Last updated: December 2, 2025 (removal of an editorial note, editor’s discretion.)
Corrections:
Pioneer Community Center was incorrectly referenced earlier as Pioneer Recreation Center.
Ensuring precise information is vital, the post has now been updated accordingly.
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Established in 2018 by His Late Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan IV and his brother, Prince Amyn Aga Khan, the Aga Khan Music Awards (AKMA), held every three years, are under the governance of an Advisory Council, which is co-chaired by the 50th Hereditary Imam of the Ismaili Muslims, Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness Prince Rahim Aga Khan, and his uncle, Prince Amyn Aga Khan.
Please click on the image for the winners of the 2025 Aga Khan Music Awards.
The photograph captures Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, with his brother, Prince Amyn, and Isabel Mota, President of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (left), and Raul Moreira, Head of Philately at CTT (right). They are holding signed first-day covers of the commemorative stamp to celebrate the 2019 Aga Khan Music Awards. The stamps were unveiled on March 29, 2019, by Francisco Lacerda, the CEO of CTT (Portugal Post). Photograph: The Ismaili / Akbar Hakim.
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2022: MUSCAT, OMAN
Prince Amyn Aga Khan, younger brother of His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, and His Highness Sayyid Bilarab, preside over the presentation of the 2022 Aga Khan Music Awards in Muscat, Oman, October 30, 2022. Photograph: Akbar Hakim / AKDN.
2025: LONDON, ENGLAND
For the first time, the 2025 Aga Khan Music Awards are teaming up with the EFG London Jazz Festival and Southbank Centre to bring an extraordinary programme of concerts, collaborations, and award celebrations to the UK. This unique partnership is a testament to AKMA’s unwavering vision of excellence in world traditions.
For programming details over four days, November 20-23, 2025, please visit the EFG London Jazz Festival website and scroll down for more information and tickets.
The first day’s program on November 20, with two performances at 1 pm and 9 pm London time, will be held at the Ismaili Centre, London, and will be transmitted live on The Ismaili TV.
Viewers worldwide will be able to watch the live coverage as follows:
1 pm and 9 pm (London)
5am and 1pm (Vancouver);
7am and 3pm (Houston);
8am and 4pm (Toronto);
2pm and 10pm (Paris);
4pm (Nairobi); and
6pm (Karachi).
The winners will be celebrated on November 21 and 22, at London’s Southbank Centre, in an awards ceremony forming part of the four-day festival.
Date posted: November 19, 2025.
Note: A version of this post appears on Barakah, our sister website dedicated to His Highness the Aga Khan.
Leading up to the inauguration of the Ismaili Center, Houston, on November 6, 2025, by His Highness Prince Rahim Aga Khan, Christianity Today, founded in 1956 by Billy Graham (d. 2018), and with a worldwide circulation of 130,000 today, has published a two-part series on the Ismaili Center and the Ismailis. The first article, Everything Is Bigger in Texas, Including Its New Islamic Center by Ken Chitwood, a contributing writer to Christianity Today, portrays the Center as a structure that mirrors Houston’s reputation for grandeur, situated on an 11-acre site with nine gardens and a 150,000-square-foot building that includes a theatre, banquet halls, a café, and a prayer area.
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Please click on the photograph to read the article in Christianity Today.
The writer, in a balanced tone, underscores the Center’s role as a hub for dialogue among Houston’s religious communities. Chitwood has skillfully incorporated the perspectives of key members of the Ismaili community, as well as a Christian pastor, a Methodist Minister, and others, who share their insights and reflections on the Center and the Ismaili community in Texas.
“For Ismailis today, who number between 12 and 15 million across 35 countries, pluralism is more than a commitment — it is near dogma. That is due to the center’s subsect, Nizari Ismailism, and its distinguishing feature: the living imam. Most Shiite Muslims name the leader of the Islamic community an imam, but only the Nizari sect claims he is alive and actively present in the world today. And the imam’s legitimacy originates in his descent from Muhammad” — Jayson Caper in Christianity Today
In the second and final part of the series, the article Who Are the Ismaili Muslims? by Jayson Casper, a Lebanon-based Middle East correspondent for Christianity Today, provides an overview of Ismaili history within the context of Shia and Sunni Islam from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the present 50th Imam, His Highness Prince Rahim Aga Khan, who is making a visit to Texas from November 5-10, 2025. The article also sheds light on its theological beliefs, including the crucial and significant role of the Ismaili Imamat.
These are balanced articles by Christianity Today, considering its Global Initiative, which seeks to “expand our coverage to better represent what God is doing around the world, interconnecting the Global Church, and illuminating the work of Jesus on every continent.” For more information about Christianity Today, see the About Page.
As Ismaili Muslims worldwide come together to celebrate the historic first Salgirah (birthday) of His Highness the Aga Khan, as their 50th Ismaili Imam, Barakah presents a collection of speeches which cover a diverse array of topics — from arts and culture to education and faith. The diverse range of topics will stimulate our intellect and broaden our perspectives. The speeches also highlight the urgency of the climate crisis. Please click HERE or on the image below to read his speeches and messages.
Please click on the image for the Aga Khan’s speeches, statements and messages.
The 50th Hereditary Imam of the Ismaili Muslims, His Highness Prince Rahim Aga Khan — respectfully addressed as Mawlana Hazar Imam (our Lord, the present Imam) by the Ismailis — made history as he, in his capacity as the new Imam of the worldwide community, met his followers for the first time during his historic visit to France from July 10-13, 2025. The Ismailis refer to this encounter or sight of the Imam as Didar. These are rare and epic moments in the life of every Ismaili, and the visit to France and his visits to Ismailis worldwide in the coming year will be remembered as a significant milestone in Ismaili history.
His Highness the Aga Khan, the 50th Hereditary Imam of the Ismaili Muslims, arrived in Maputo, Mozambique, on June 22, 2025, to attend the 50th anniversary of the country’s independence. Our sister website, Barakah, which is dedicated to His Highness, follows the visit with unparalleled enthusiasm through official sources, including media reports, government websites, and posts on social media. We invite you to click Special Coverage of His Highness the Aga Khan’s visit to Mozambique for a comprehensive and detailed account of this historic moment in the life of the Aga Khan, who is visiting the country for the first time as the Imam of the worldwide Ismaili community. He became the 50th Imam on February 4, 2025, succeeding his father, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, who reigned the community for 67 years.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Her Excellency Ambassador Manuela Lucas, receives His Highness the Aga Khan at Maputo Airport on his arrival in Mozambique, June 22, 2025. Photograph: AKDN / Akbar Hakim.
[As Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, confers the title of Diwan on Shafik Sachedina at his residence in Lisbon on May 4, 2025, a significant event that was announced through a Talika (Holy written message) read out on the same evening in Ismaili Jamatkhanas around the world, we present Alnoor Merchant’s exploration of its use in Islamic and Ismaili history, rooted in a rich historical context. Please also read our exclusive tribute to Diwan Shafik in Barakah, which includes excerpts from Mawlana Hazar Imam’s Talika of May 4, and a selection of photographs highlighting Diwan Shafik’s immeasurable services to the Imam-of-the-Time over the past several decades — Ed.]
Besides referring to a collection of poetry or prose, the term diwan (divan in Persian) may be defined as meaning a register or a collection of records. Within an administration context, the term first meant a register for troops, and later it was used for office. During the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, various diwans were established: diwan al-jund (register for fighting forces), diwan al-kharaj (register for taxes), diwan al-rasa’il (register for correspondence), etc. These diwans were most often under a wazir (vazir in Persian).
During the Fatimid period, the diwan al-rasa’il came to be known as the diwan al-insha’; its head was the sahib diwan al-insha’ or ra’is (head) and was addressed as al-shaykh al-ajall (Excellency). The diwan al-jund was called the diwan al-jaysh, and there was a bureau known as the diwan al-majalis (diwan of the Council) where all the administration was concentrated. In Iran, the term diwan was generally used to mean the central government in general, in which sense it was also more specifically known as the divan-i a‘la, and fell within the purview of the vazir; during the Qajar period, the chief official of the divan-i a‘la was the sadr-i a‘zam (chief minister).
A significant change occurred during the Mughal period in India: the head of the department of revenue and finance came exclusively to be known as the diwan. Indeed, during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar, the word wazir was seldom used, having been replaced by the term diwan, which had come to denote a person rather than an institution or a government department. During the Mughal period, the diwan performed multifarious duties. He was not only responsible for the disposal of revenue papers but also drafted urgent royal letters and farmans. He had to submit revenue collection and expenditure returns to the emperor who was in this way kept informed of the finances of the State. He allocated duties to all high dignitaries on first appointment and received regular reports from them. Later, in some of the princely states of India, the chief minister came to be known as the Diwan.
Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, with Diwan Shafik Sachedina and his wife Diwan-banoo Nadia Sachedina. Photograph:: IPL / Akbar Hakim
It is, most likely, in this context, that the term diwan was adopted in the modern period of Ismaili history, and came to be applied to an individual. The first individual to be invested with the title of Diwan was Muhammad Ibrahim Rawjee, who served as the President of the Aga Khan Federal Council for India from 1934 to 1958. Imam Sultan Mahomed Shah, our 48th Imam, appointed him as the legal advisor for all Ismaili Councils in India in 1935 and, in March 1935, referred to Wazir (at that time) Muhammad Rawjee as “my Chief Minister”. In 1936, the Imam bestowed upon him the title of Diwan; Diwan Rawjee passed away in 1965. The second individual to be invested with the title of Diwan by Imam Sultan Mahomed Shah was Count Ghulam Hussain Muhammad Jindani; this was through a telegraphic message on 29th December, 1948, which read:
“Occasion Imamate record, I confer on you for all your great services title Dewan for first time given in Africa.”
Diwan Jindani passed away in 1983.
During the Silver Jubilee of Mawlana Shah Karim Shah, our 49th Imam bestowed the title of Diwan on Count Sir Eboo Pirbhai in London, on 7th July, 1983. In his Farman, the Imam said:
Diwan Sir Eboo Pirbhai
“The second thing I wish to do today is to recognise in an exceptional manner in front of the Jamat, the services of a member of the Jamat who has served my grandfather, who has served me, and who has served the Jamat consistently for more than fifty years, taking even personal risks at times of crisis in the developing world, extending to the Jamat all the benefit of his time and wisdom; and I have decided to give the title of Diwan to Count Sir Eboo Pirbhai. This is also a symbol, because the Imam is saying to the Jamat that the Imam wishes to recognise publicly, exceptional service by a very young man.”
Diwan Pirbhai passed away in January 1990.
On 11th July 2018, Mawlana Shah Karim Shah officially designated the Henrique de Mendonca Palace in Lisbon as the Seat of the Ismaili Imamat, and declared that it be known as the “Diwan of the Ismaili Imamat.” This reflects, in one way, the dual nature of the nomenclature Diwan as being applicable in both an institutional and an individual context.
About the author: Alnoor Jehangir Merchant is a librarian, curator and independent researcher based in London. Between 1987 and 2012 – a period extending nearly twenty-five years — Alnoor was instrumental in developing the collections of the Library of The Institute of Ismaili Studies (IIS), London, acquiring and cataloguing materials — rare books, manuscripts, documents, coins — relating to all aspects of Ismaili studies; these are now part of the Ismaili Special Collections Unit (ISCU). Alnoor served as Head of the IIS Library from 2009 to 2012.
Besides his extensive experience in Library operations, Alnoor played a significant role, over nearly two decades, in the acquisition of artefacts and manuscripts for the Ismaili Imamat, a majority of which are presently housed at the Aga Khan Museum, Toronto.
Over the past decade, with his wide-ranging knowledge and understanding of Islamic studies and the cultures of Islam, Alnoor has advised museums, libraries and private individuals on artworks, manuscripts, rare books and coins relating to the Islamic world. Besides his research interests on various aspects of Ismaili history and material culture, Alnoor continues to be involved with work for the Ismaili Imamat and its institutions.
Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness Prince Rahim Aga Khan, who became the 50th Hereditary Ismaili Imam on February 4, 2025, on the passing of his father, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, has conveyed the following message of condolence on the Pope’s passing:
My family and the global Ismaili Muslim Community join me in conveying our heartfelt condolences on the passing of His Holiness Pope Francis.
I recall with great warmth my meetings with His Holiness and our discussions on humanity’s shared principles and values, the importance of embracing pluralism, and the urgent need to offer hope and opportunities to the less fortunate.
His Holiness Pope Francis will be remembered for his courageous stance in defending the values of compassion and service to others. He leaves an important and inspiring legacy, which his words and actions will keep alive in the years to come.
My prayers accompany Catholic communities worldwide at this sad time.
Aga Khan
(Please click HERE to read the message on the.Ismaili, the official website of the Ismaili Muslim community.)
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The editor and readers of Simerg and its sister websites, Barakah and Simergphotos, convey our condolences to the Catholic community and its leadership worldwide, and ask God to provide solace and strength to everyone grieving. We offer prayers for the eternal rest of Pope Francis.
Pope Francis succeeded Emeritus Benedict XVI, who led the Catholic Church for nearly eight years from April 19, 2005, until his resignation on February 28, 2013, due to his deteriorating health, advanced age, and the heavy demands of being Pope. Pope Benedict retired to the Mater Ecclesiae, a small monastery in the Vatican City. Pope Benedict died on Saturday, December 31, 2022, aged 95, and Pope Francis was elected to the position.
Over the past two decades, there has been an increased collaboration between Catholic institutions and the Ismaili Imamat, through the Aga Khan Development Network. In 2008, the 49th Ismaili Imam, Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV (d. February 4, 2025), attended a historic signing agreement in Lisbon between the Catholic University of Portugal and the Aga Khan University. The ceremony was attended by His Eminence D. Jose Policarpo, the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon and Chancellor of the University, D. José Policarpo.
In May 2012, Prince Amyn, then representing Mawlana Shah Karim, signed the renewal of a partnership agreement between the Aga Khan Foundation and the Patriarchate of Lisbon. Programmes implemented under the partnership, aimed at improving the quality of life of marginalized groups in Greater Lisbon, benefited almost 43,000 people in 2011.
In 2013, with Cardinal Patriarch, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV presided over the signing ceremony of a renewed Memorandum of Understanding between the two universities, reaffirming the enduring nature of their collaboration.
Most recently, in Mawlana Shah Karim’s oldest son and his successor as of February 4, 2025, Mawlana Shah Rahim Al Hussaini Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, met Pope Francis on August 4, 2023, at a private meeting held during the Pope’s visit to Lisbon (see photograph, below).
Prince Rahim conveyed warm greetings on behalf of Mawlana Shah Karim, and on behalf of the worldwide Jamat. His Holiness Pope Francis thanked Prince Rahim for the warm gesture and asked that his good wishes be transmitted to Mawlana Shah Karim and members of his family, and to the global Ismaili community. The Pope and Prince Rahim discussed areas of mutual interest and the potential for future collaboration. Prince Rahim was accompanied by Nazim Ahmad, the Diplomatic Representative of the Ismaili Imamat to Portugal.
In November 2022, Mawlana Shah Rahim Hazar Imam visited the Vatican, where he met His Excellency Reverend Dom Edgar Peña Parra, the Substitute of the Secretariat of State at the Vatican, and Pope Francis. A few months earlier, in May 2022, Mawlana Shah Rahim received Reverend Dom Edgar Peña Parra at the Ismaili Centre in Lisbon.
We also have a famous photograph of Pope Benedict XVI’s handshake with Mawlana Shah Karim during the Pope’s Apostolic Journey to France in 2008. Pope Benedict visited the “Institut De France” in Paris, where the Institut presented him with a gold medal. Pope Benedict also unveiled a plaque commemorating his visit. During his brief remarks to the audience, the Pope expressed his gratitude to the Institut “both personally and as the successor of [Simon] Peter.” (More on Simon Peter in Catholic and Ismaili Muslim traditions below.)
His Late Highness Aga Khan IV was also in attendance at the Institut de France as the Associate Foreign Member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts (Academy of Fine Arts), one of five learned societies within the Institut, which was founded in 1795.
Everyone’s attention was then drawn to the 49th Ismaili Imam and Pope Benedict, and a sense of interest and keenness filled the hall as they greeted each other with a handshake, captured in the photograph below. (The picture is copyrighted and was reproduced under a licensing arrangement with Getty Images.)
Photographs: Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, and Mawlana Shah Rahim Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, with Pope Benedict and Pope Francis and Catholic Leaders
2008
Everyone’s attention is drawn to Pope Benedict XVI and His Late Highness Aga Khan IV as they greet each other on September 13, at the Institut de France in Paris during an official visit by the Pope to France in 2008. Photo: Copyright. Getty Images. Published on Simerg/Simergphotos with a Licensing arrangement with Getty Images. French caption: Vue plongeante du pape BENOIT XVI serrant la main de l’AGA KHAN à son arrive sous la coupole de l’Institut de France à PARIS entouré de nombreux académiciens et autres personnalités dont Gabriel DE BROGLIE, Hélène CARRERE D’ENCAUSSE, Jean-François JARRIGE, Jean-François BACH, Arnaud D’HAUTERIVES, Michel ALBERT, Christian PONCELET président du Sénat, Jean TULARD, Alain DECAUX, Pierre-Jean REMY, Michel MOHRT, Max GALLO, le cardinal André VINGT-TROIS archevêque de Paris et le cardinal Paul POUPARD. (Photo by Philippe Petit/Paris Match via Getty Images).
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Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, at the signing ceremony of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Catholic University of Portugal and the Aga Khan University, on July 12, 2008. Photograph: The Aga Khan University.
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2012
His Eminence Dom José Policarpo, Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon, and Prince Amyn, Director of the Aga Khan Foundation, sign the renewal of a partnership agreement to improve the quality of life of marginalised groups in Greater Lisbon. Photograph: AKDN / Nuno Saraiva.
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2013
Mawlana Shah Karim, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV, meets with the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon, His Eminence Dom Manuel Clemente and the Patriarch Emeritus of Lisbon, His Eminence Dom José Policarpo, at the Ismaili Centre in Lisbon in September 2013 for the renewed signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Catholic University of Portugal and the Aga Khan University. Photograph: AKDN/Gary Otte.
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2022
Prince Rahim Aga Khan, now Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, and His Excellency Reverend Dom Edgar Peña Parra, the Substitute of the Secretariat of State at the Vatican, walk through the courtyard garden at the Ismaili Centre Lisbon in May 2022. Photograph: Raquel Wise/AKDN.
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His Excellency Reverend Dom Edgar Peña Parra, the Substitute of the Secretariat of State at the Vatican, and Prince Rahim Aga Khan, now Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, pictured in November 2022 at the Vatican. Photograph: Divisione Produzione Fotografica/Vatican Media, via AKDN.
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2023
Pope Francis meets with Prince Rahim Aga Khan, now Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, during their private audience in Lisbon, Portugal, on August 4, 2023. Mawlana Hazar Imam was accompanied by Nazim Ahmad, the Diplomatic Representative of the Ismaili Imamat to Portugal (bottom picture, left). The Pope was visiting Lisbon for the World Youth Day. Photographs: The Ismaili.
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Brief notes on the Papacy and the Imamat, and Simon Peter — St. Peter — in the Roman Catholic and Ismaili Traditions
The Catholics believe that the Pope is a successor of St. Peter. The succession of the Pope is determined by a college of cardinals who elect the Pope, while the office of the Imam of the Ismailis is a hereditary position. The Ismailis regard their 50th hereditary Imam as the direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.s) through Hazrat Ali (a.s.) and Hazrat Bibi Fatima (a.s.). In a speech at the Canadian Parliament in 2014, His Late Highness Aga Khan IV declared that “the Ismaili Imamat is a supra-national entity, representing the succession of Imams since the time of the Prophet.” And, in an interview with Politique International, he said, “The religious leadership of the Ismaili Imam goes back to the origins of Shia Islam when the Prophet Muhammad appointed his son-in-law, Ali, to continue his teachings within the Muslim community. The leadership is hereditary, handed down by Ali’s descendants, and the Ismailis are the only Shia Muslims to have a living Imam, namely myself.”
In the Catholic tradition, the foundation for the office of the Pope is found primarily in Matthew, where Jesus is quoted as telling Simon Peter:
“You are ‘Rock,’ and on this rock I will build My Church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. And I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and whatsoever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”
A painting of Simon Peter or Saint Peter by Marco Zoppo, depicting Peter holding the Keys of Heaven and a book representing the gospel. Photograph: Wikipedia/Public Domain.
This series of successions of the Pope is known as “Apostolic Succession,” with the line of Bishops stretching back to the apostles, who lived during the time of Jesus. Simon Peter is recognized as having been the first Pope. Early Christians reserved the title of “Pope” for St. Peter’s successors.
However, in branches of Shia theology and Ismailism, Simon Peter’s role is seen as a direct parallel to that of Hazrat Ali, who was the first Imam. Ismailis along with some other Shia groups maintain that every major Prophet had a spiritual legatee (Waṣi) or successor called the Asas (foundation) who taught the inner meaning to those who had the capacity to understand it. In this regard, Adam had Seth; Noah had Shem; Moses had Aaron, and Jesus had Simon Peter. A well-known sacred tradition of the Prophet Muhammad says, “Ali is to me as Aaron was to Moses,” confirming that Ali held the same authority as Aaron.
Date posted: April 22, 2025. Last updated: May 13, 2025 (formatting).
Note: A version of this piece appears on our sister website, Barakah.
Featured photo at the top of the post: Pope Francis shakes hands with Mawlana Hazar Imam, His Highness the Aga Khan, then Prince Rahim Aga Khan, during their private audience in Lisbon, Portugal, on August 4, 2023. The Pope was visiting Lisbon for the World Youth Day. Photograph: Vatican News.
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